Wednesday, January 29, 2020
Child Labor Essay Example for Free
Child Labor Essay Child labor in the Philippines has been a problem since the early twentieth century. However in 1946 the Philippines claimed its independence from American Rule and became a Republic. This allowed the Philippines to make their own child labor laws. One significant law was the power of the Secretary of Labour to grant a special work permit for the employment of a child whose employment is otherwise prohibited. This allowed any child to work. In the years 1953 and 1960, the Philippines ratified three international conventions adopted by the International Labour Organization, relating to child labour. These conventions made laws that prohibits the employment of children in industry during night time, fixes the minimum age of employment for industry at 15 years but allowed younger children to be employed in undertakings in which only members of the employers family are employed, provided that such work are not dangerous to the life, health or morals of the children employed, and required the medical examination of children as a pre-requisite to employment and their subsequent re-examinations (Aldaba, 2004). Even with these laws in affect child labor continues to be a problem in the Philippines. Poverty is the main reason due to which children under the age of 18 years are compelled to work in dangerous and life threatening conditions. The work that the children have to do range from agricultural, to production, to service trades. These dangerous conditions consist of environmental, chemical, ad physical hazards. Children in agriculture are exposed to heavy loads, chemicals used for fertilizers and pesticides. Factory child workers risk other injuries and death from accidents caused by modern machineries and from the lack of protective mechanisms (The Philippine Campaign). These all seriously affect the lives of these children. (Aldaba, 2004) While many people believe the issues of child labor in the Philippines are due to political or economical issues, they are actually do to social issues. There are long standing work and ethical traditions that are followed within Filipino communities. One centuries old tradition is that children are impelled to work from an early age because they must work to compensate as much as possible for the economic burden that they put on the family (The Philippine Campaign). This shows that despite laws preventing child labor, Filipino communities feel that it is ethically important to have children work. Another reason why children work is the failures in the education system(The Philippine Campaign). Instead on mandating that all children must go to school, the Filipino government allows the families to decide. Most families would rather have their children working and bringing in an income, than going to school. (Aldaba, 2004). These sorts of social factors can be seen throughout the rest of the world. In many countries (Costa Rica, Thailand, Sri Lanka), the minimum working age is lower than the required age of compulsory education (Child Labor). So like in the Philippines, these children are encouraged to work rather than pursue an education. When impoverished children are allowed to work legally, they will often abandon school to better their familys condition (Child Labor). This also correlates to the long standing Filipino tradition of children having to work to lessen the burden they put on their families. Just like in the Philippines, social issues of child labor are prevalent throughout the world. (Aldaba, 2004).
Tuesday, January 21, 2020
Thomas Jeff. Outline Essay -- essays research papers
                                                       Lenora Spahn                                                        9/22/00                     Thomas Jefferson I. Thomas Jefferson      A. Born- April 13, 1743 in Shadwell, Va.      B. Died- July 4, 1826 II. Background      A. Educational- College of William and Mary (1760-1762), 5 year apprenticeship           studying law under George Wythe.      B. Occupational-           1. Began to practice law on his own: representing small scale planters from           western countries involving land claims and titles.           2. House of Burgesses, elected 1768: Opposed all forms of Parliamentary                     taxation and supprted nonimportation resolutions against British trade                regulations.           3. Committee of Correspondence, 1773: Served as a makeshift Central                Government for colonies and advocated that colonies refuse to pay any duty           leveled by Parliament.           4. Virginia Convention in ... ...          through congress.      F. The Non-Intercourse Act, 1809: basically just a moderate version of the Embargo Act. X. Major Conflict      A. The major conflict was foreign trade and the trade embargoes and naval troubles that      the United States had with Britain and France caused the most influential decisions           Jefferson was forced to make. XI. Major Inventions and Technological Advancements      A. Fulton’s Steamboat,1807: Robert Fulton's side-paddled, steam-powered riverboat           made its first commercial voyage in Clermont.      B. In 1806, David Melville attempted the construction of gas street lighting in Rhode           Island. XII. Overall rating of the President      Thomas Jefferson is one of the most eagerly embraced Presidents in American history due not only to his Thomas Jeff. Outline Essay -- essays research papers                                                        Lenora Spahn                                                        9/22/00                     Thomas Jefferson I. Thomas Jefferson      A. Born- April 13, 1743 in Shadwell, Va.      B. Died- July 4, 1826 II. Background      A. Educational- College of William and Mary (1760-1762), 5 year apprenticeship           studying law under George Wythe.      B. Occupational-           1. Began to practice law on his own: representing small scale planters from           western countries involving land claims and titles.           2. House of Burgesses, elected 1768: Opposed all forms of Parliamentary                     taxation and supprted nonimportation resolutions against British trade                regulations.           3. Committee of Correspondence, 1773: Served as a makeshift Central                Government for colonies and advocated that colonies refuse to pay any duty           leveled by Parliament.           4. Virginia Convention in ... ...          through congress.      F. The Non-Intercourse Act, 1809: basically just a moderate version of the Embargo Act. X. Major Conflict      A. The major conflict was foreign trade and the trade embargoes and naval troubles that      the United States had with Britain and France caused the most influential decisions           Jefferson was forced to make. XI. Major Inventions and Technological Advancements      A. Fulton’s Steamboat,1807: Robert Fulton's side-paddled, steam-powered riverboat           made its first commercial voyage in Clermont.      B. In 1806, David Melville attempted the construction of gas street lighting in Rhode           Island. XII. Overall rating of the President      Thomas Jefferson is one of the most eagerly embraced Presidents in American history due not only to his
Monday, January 13, 2020
Baroque Period
Baroque was the artistic period dating from 1600 to 1750 in European history. Derived from the Portuguese word barocco, Baroque literally means an ‘uneven pearl. ’ Often compared to Hellenistic art, Baroque artists discovered emotions and used strong contrasts of light and shade showcasing continued motion in their works. Cunningham L. S. & Reich J. J. (2006) state that: It is not surprising that the term baroque, originally used to describe the extravagant European art of the seventeenth century C. E. , is often applied to the art of the Hellenistic period.The artists responsible for these innovations created their works for a new kind of patron. (p. 77) Baroque was born in Italy. From the Renaissance period of symmetry, monumentality, balance and odd forms, the Baroque period was characterised by bold, curves and asymmetrical themes in paintings and buildings. Heinrich Wolfflin, in Principles of Art History: the problem of the development of style in later art (1932; t ranslated 1950, Page 14), explained the differences between the art of the 16th and 17th centuries stating that â€Å"baroque (or, let us say, modern art) is neither a rise nor a decline from classic, but a totally different art.†It also reflected the growth of monarchies as such a style suited the aristocracy who thought of integrated structures. Intense spirituality, realism of daily life, and psychological exploitation depicted in works of art and sculptures are highlights of Baroque art. Cunningham L. S. & Reich J. J. (2006) explain that: During the Baroque period, artists were attracted by extremes of feeling – sometimes these strong emotions were personal.Painters and poets alike tried to look into their own souls and reveal by color or words the depths of their own psychic and spiritual experience. The desire to express the inexpressible required the invention of new techniques. As a result, baroque art placed great emphasis on virtuosity. Sculptors and painter s achieved astonishing realm in the way in which they handled their media. Stone was carved in a way such as to give the effect of thin, flowing drapery, while seventeenth-century painters found ways to reproduce complex effects of light and shade.(p. 359) Some of the main representatives of baroque art are Michelangelo Merisi-Caravaggio (Portrait of a Courtesan-1597), Annibale Carracci (River Landscape-1595), Agostino Carracci (Lamentation of Christ-1606), Rembrandt (The Jewish Bride-1666), Nicholas Poussin (The Plague at Ashdod-1630), Georges De La Tour (The Fortune Teller-1620-1621) Diego Rodriguez de Silva y Velazquez (Prince Balthasar Carlos-1635), Peter Paul Rubens (Mercury and Argus-1638), and Jan Vermeer (The Artist in his Atelier-1670).Like art, Baroque architecture too progressed from renaissance in Italy. Curving facades, oval shape, triangular areas between rooftops, tips scrolls and gilded and double curves with luxurious materials and ornate decorations were emphasized upon instead of symmetry. The most famous work is the Palace of Versailles, France (built by Louis XIV) which was a symbol of wealth and power. Baroque architects used marble, gilt and bronze in their works.Ceilings used illusionism where paintings were done and looked like engravings for expressing emotions. The main representatives of Baroque architecture were Gianlorenzo Bernini (Ecstasy of Saint Teresa, 1645-1652) and Francesco Borromini (Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza, 1640-1650). The late Baroque era was known as Rococo (1700-1780). In this era, the sculptors obtained unified spaces, created decorative schemes and emphasized on structural elements (Church of the Carmine, Turin, Italy, 1732, by Filippo Juvarra).Baroque style moved out of Rome and split in two different forms – The Roman Catholic countries (Italy, Spain, Portugal, Austria and South Germany) and Protestant regions (England, Netherlands and rest of northern Europe). The Catholic countries were inclined towards fre er and active surfaces thereby appealing through the senses, whereas the Protestant countries were more restrained and developed a quiet monumentality. As it migrated, Baroque style underwent changes in different countries according to the traditions, preferences and outlooks. In France, the architecture was geometrical, formal and precise merging with the Rococo style.Dutch painting was sober and detailed; and Dutch architecture was affected by political and commercial events, thereby emphasizing on beauty and nature of the middle class. Germany continued with its alpine wood crafting tradition in sculptures. The Baroque style moved towards extravagance in Spain and Latin America. In the latter half of the 18th century, baroque transitioned to romanticism which was ‘the age of enlightenment. ’ References: Cunningham L. S. & Reich J. J. (2006). Culture and Values: A survey of the Humanities. Boston: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.
Saturday, January 4, 2020
Terms and Ideas Notes of the Native Son†by James Baldwin - Free Essay Example
Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 508 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Abstract This paper has explained two concepts that are evident in the essay â€Å"Notes of the Native Son†by James Baldwin. The two concepts that were addressed were: The concept of racial discrimination which African Americans have been subjected to. Also, there is a concept of relationship as depicted between the Baldwin and his father. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Terms and Ideas : Notes of the Native Son†by James Baldwin" essay for you Create order The ideas that are drawn by Baldwin is that the traits of bitterness that people have towards another race are inborn characteristic and therefore they cannot be avoided. The second idea is that traits of bitterness towards someone’s races are caused by the fear that people have towards something that is â€Å"different†â€Å"Notes of as Native Son†James Baldwin in â€Å"Notes of a Native Son†presents an essay that explores his heritage of being a black man and the various type of challenges that he undergoes in his life. He views the issue of being a black person in America as equivalent to a stamp on the forehead that cannot be hidden away from the public. In this essay, I will explore at least two ideas and two concepts in regard from the essay. He discusses the concept of racial discrimination in the essay through the remarks he made that all African Americans are subjected to similar challenges on the basis of their colour. Baldwin believes that the fever of the discrimination has also already recurred, and will continue to recur until the day he will die (Schwarz et al., 56). He perceives his race as something that hinders him from living a full life and makes him feel he is against the world. Another concept that is salient in this essay is the concept of the relationship between Baldwin and his father. It is difficult to mention whether Baldwin’s father played a crucial role in his life or not. On several occasions, he lamented that his father’s temper was so great that he cannot even remember when they were happy seeing their father is coming home but instead they enjoyed when their father was away. His father lacked an ideal figure of a good father. His temper made him to be unable to create contact with other people including his own family. There are several ideas that are evident in the essay. The bitterness that Baldwin explains is intended to bring an idea that the traits of bitterness towards a certain race are an inborn characteristic that is inevitable (Stadter, 89). He claimed this â€Å"bitterness†killed his father and it is likely going to kill him was an idea that the feeling of hatred that Baldwin was feeling cannot be attributed to his father’s temper but it was an inborn reaction towards those who discriminated him. Another idea that is salient in the essay is when Baldwin concludes that all the â€Å"bitterness†that is depicted by men towards another race is permeated in the souls of men of different races. He believes that people fear something â€Å"different†and this is the cause of racial discrimination to all the African Americans.
Friday, December 27, 2019
Flannery O’Connor’s short stories “A good man is hard to...
Flannery O’Connor’s short stories â€Å"A good man is hard to find†and â€Å"Revelation†share many similarities. While â€Å"A good man is hard to find†is about a family that goes on a vacation that ultimately results in all of their deaths. â€Å"Revelation†is about a woman who is very judgmental and looks down on people. In the end both characters have revelations that contrast with who they are and how they portray themselves to the world. The protagonist in ‘Revelation†is Mrs. Turpin, and she depicts herself as a woman who is classy, respectable and is above all of those who are in the waiting room at the doctor’s office. Mrs. Turpin thinks that she is superior because she judges others based on social standing and believes she is high on†¦show more content†¦Turpin’s standards in her eyes. The readers can see through Mrs. Turpins thoughts and views how brutal and harsh she really is for example, when Mrs. Turpin is talking to herself and asks herself a question â€Å"If Jesus had said to her before he made her, there’s only two places available for you. You can either be a nigger or white trash, what would she have said?†Mrs. Turpin answers with â€Å"All right, make me a nigger then- but that don’t mean a trashy one. And he would have made her a neat clean respectable Negro-woman, herself but black.†(416). The grandmother in â€Å"A good man is hard to find†is very similar to Mrs. Turpin as well. The grandmother claims to be a lady, but she is really a manipulator, she wants everything to go her way. For example when she brings the cat along for the vacation trip despite Bailey not wanting to bring it along. Also when the grandmother manipulates the kids into wanting to go see a plantation by saying that it has a secret panel. â€Å"There was a secret panel in this house†, she said craftily, not telling the truth but wishing t hat she were.†(408) â€Å"The horrible thought she had had before the accident was that the house she had remembered so vividly was not in Georgia but in Tennessee.†(409). The grandmother remembers that the house was somewhere else however; she â€Å"decided that she would not mention it†(410). Both characters in the end have revelations that are complete opposite of who they are. In â€Å"Revelation†Show MoreRelated OConnor Character Traits Essays1033 Words  | 5 PagesOConnor Character Traits In Flannery OConnors short stories, A Good Man is Hard to Find, Revelation, and Greenleaf, the main character in each share similar traits. Though the grandmother, Mrs. Turpin, and Mrs. May differ from each other in many aspects, there are three notable traits that each clearly possesses. Each of these individuals is highly conscious of their own social status, is socially prejudiced, and is extremely racist. Each of the women is revealed as being highlyRead MoreCosmology and Southern Gothic2051 Words  | 9 Pagesdid we get here,†deals with cosmology, the study of the universe. No one knows for sure how the universe works or how we got here, but many Southern Gothic authors, such as Flannery O’Connor and Edgar Allan Poe, use their literature as a way of expressing their beliefs about the clockwork of the universe. These authors use their dark and grotesque fictional stories to make sense of where we, as humans, stand in the universe. In The Violent Bear it Away, O’Connor uses Francis Tarwater, a miracleRead MoreEssay on A Good Man is Hard to Find: The Cross of Two Spiritual Paths2192 Words  | 9 Pagesanecdote continually permeate the text of Flannery OConnors short stories. As exhibited in the aforesaid account, each man, by asking Jesus to bestow his grace upon him, possesses his own chance for salvation, but only one of the men actually seizes this opportunity; this closely resembles the final scene in which the two man characters of this Flannery OConnor classic also encounter this opportunity for deliverance. In A Good Man Is Hard to Find, Flannery O Connor by utilizing the characterizationRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words  | 116 Pagesthat may prove helpful. PLOT The Elements of Plot When we refer to the plot of a work of fiction, then, we are referring to the deliberately arranged sequence of interrelated events that constitute the basic narrative structure of a novel or a short story. Events of any kind, of course, inevitably involve people, and for this reason it is virtually impossible to discuss plot in isolation from character. Character and plot are, in fact, intimately and reciprocally related, especially in modern fiction
Thursday, December 19, 2019
The Stop Infant Mortality And Recidivism Reduction Act Of...
The bill selected for the purpose of this legislative analysis is titled the Stop Infant Mortality and Recidivism Reduction Act of 2016, and is also recognized by the abbreviation SIMARRA Act. The bill number is 5,130 in the House of Representatives, and has no related bills in the Senate. The SIMARRA Act is a federal bill that was last referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security, and Investigations for further review and analysis. Scope of Problem The problems at hand that the SIMARRA Act bill is proposing to address, involves child welfare issues, women’s health concerns, and a lack of protection and healthcare needs for these women and their unborn children within the criminal justice system. According to the bill, it has been propositioned to enhance the welfare and public health for incarcerated pregnant women and mothers by improving the effectiveness and efficiency of the Federal prison system, by establishing a pilot program of critical-stage, developmental nurseries in Federal prisons for children born to inmates, with risk needs assessments, and risk and recidivism reduction (H.R.5130, 2016). The bill is intended to focus and alleviate the lack thereof adequate care, stress, and hazardous health practices that incarcerated mothers are experiencing with their infant babies, while also monitoring the health of these women. Both the mothers and infants are affected in these situations because th e health of the mother has substantial
Wednesday, December 11, 2019
Ontological and Epistemological Assumptions
Question: Discuss about the Ontological and Epistemological Assumptions. Answer: Introduction The purpose of this assignment is to elucidate aspects of positive or scientific approach used for conducting accounting research. Addition to that, the study defines the major features that give rise to human behavior aligning with accounting settings (Crawford and Lepine 2013). The present segment augments presenting set of ontological and epistemological assumptions for conducting scientific research used for several feasible intellectual projects. Entire assignment takes into consideration the assumptions made but turns out to be wrong, absurd and illogical. Therefore, it has been noted that accounting was defensible and difficult in managing the aspects in the upcoming years. It is thereby important for understanding the level of progress as well as logics as required by using both types of research such as quantitative and qualitative (Wier, Stone and Hunton 2015). Synopsis of the article The name of the article taken for the assignment is Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research (Dunmore 2011). This particular article clearly explains the auditing practices and recent current issues prevailing in the field of accounting. The extent to positive accounting theory had been analyzed by achieving the level of success aligning with model of natural sciences. Addition to that, Positive Accounting theory is one of the emergent theories that had been subject to most of the critics (Wier, Stone and Hunton 2015). On summarizing the article, it is found that choice theory perspective relates with PAT methodology at the time of difficulty. It is the point where theory gets replaced by older ones with a perspective in gaining higher predictive power. It is thereby necessary in developing a theory with high predictive power because standard theory is used at initial stages of development of a particular theory (Waymire 2014). The current article examines the positive or scientific approach concerning for positive accounting research (Palmer et al. 2014). This means it requires proper understanding of how best to make progress in due for Popper acquisitions by using both research methods such as quantitative methods and qualitative methods. This paper explains that qualitative researchers use several theories and not any kind of hypothesis that are tested as well as improved at any forms. These are purely observed through use of lens whereby observational findings can be easily viewed by the researchers. Quantitative researchers, on the other hand, takes into consideration logic of hypothesis testing as it is less rigorous in nature after comparing it with Popper prescription (Miller and Power 2013). Research Question Explain the prevailing concept of Positive Accounting Research? How Positive Accounting can make ways for enhancing causal relationships with human behavior? How Kuhn Description does enables normal science connecting with accounting research? Theoretical Framework As opined by Dunmore (2011), there is one empirical question that needs to be understood regarding comprehensive causal theories used for human behavior and bringing limitation with the application of theories. This reveals the fact where there has been research on extensive areas by considering situations where people concerns with interpretative research like study of human emotions. There are various empirical study concerning theories such as Positive, Ontology and epistemology after correlating with one other. Therefore, researchers make ways in observing the imperfections after presenting the social activities after constructing actions that needs to be independent in perfect form (Messier 2016). As rightly put forward by Dunmore (2011), some of the aspects that needs to be taken into consideration is the scientific research as it include data collection methods such as quantitative or qualitative. There are even some of the theories that suggest data accumulation after viewing at the induction after making proper assumptions. It is required in understanding the logic supporting some of the evidences because of Popper. This reveals the fact by making the testing predictions of innovative theories at the time of conducting observations in difficult situations. It is the situation where there are various old and new theories used for undertaking innovative predictions. Therefore, there has to be some of the fact governing from disproved theories and models at the same time (Macve 2015). As opined by Dunmore (2011), Popper makes the suggestions concerning emerging of new theories at the time of invention of observed irregularities as well as proved observations. This reveals the fact where there needs to be any inductive observations made especially in case of process that is purely creative and imaginative by making use of empirical data. It takes into consideration two theories in spite of single theory at the same time. Addition to that, it concerns with falsification of making inoperable assumptions arising from some of the theoretical predictions. Therefore, some of the theories are used for understanding the anomalous tracks especially of Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft (Khan et al. 2016). As rightly put forward by Dunmore (2011), it has been viewed that sciences gets influenced by unique scales especially from macro as well as mid-range activities in given condition. Addition to that, it help in testing the descriptions used for understanding the cause and effect relationships after making contribution of various accounting aspects. As far as qualitative positive research is concerned, it takes into consideration the qualitative sciences such as botany, geology and zoology as viewed from previous studies as the case of Darwin theory of evolution. There are some of the mistakes that are concerned with social sciences because it assumes aspects like positive and quantitative research in the positive course of action (Kaplan and Atkinson 2015). As opined by Dunmore (2011), some of the purpose are mentioned for understanding the aspects of qualitative positive research as given in the accounting literature. In other words, this means gathering of data that will properly guide in enhancing the preliminary actions at the time for conducting quantitative measurements. It requires sorting out ways after proper context of audit pricing research in the most appropriate way. The main purpose of the assignment has been in conducting regression analysis on how can an auditor conduct pricing in the audit report. It is essential in collecting information in form of data after determining the tender bid and differentiating the behavioral pattern. This can be done after presenting the strategies after taking audit partners after attaining high success rates at the time of winning with audit traders (Jindrichovska and Kubickova 2015). Therefore, most of the audit firms will conduct the essential regression equations. The main purpose of the paper is to examine the positive approach concerning with accounting research activities (Deegan 2013). Addition to that, Positive accounting research act as a wider part in governing the intellectual projects by conducting scientific research by augmenting causal and effect relationships. This reveals the fact that the article explains the streams of critical accounting research after falling from the arguments as mentioned in the topic. This majorly explains the setting of accounting aspects after understanding the real cause of human behavior in a given complex business organization. Therefore, the article clearly defines the advantages and limitations of positive accounting research after research on intellectual projects based on given ontological and epistemological assumptions at the same time (Crawford and Lepine 2013). Significance and Limitations of the article On critical analysis, it has been found that the present article is significant because it is a watered down version by Popper logic (Miller and Power 2013). In other words, this article helps in measuring the test statistics usage and gaining proper understanding at the same time. This help in bringing certainty of actions as well as comparing it with other concept of null hypothesis. There has been elimination found after viewing at the shift analysis that brought conventional significance by a positive threshold of p as 0.00001. This reveals the fact of re-attribution from real positive aspects at the time of accepting the statistical findings by keeping strong evident facts (Christensen, Nikolaev and Wittenberg?Moerman 2016). It is important to understand the fact where there are actual distinct motives behind replicating the previous studies like predicting whether original results augment within the sampling error (Bebbington, Unerman and O'Dwyer 2014). This reveals that exploration of limits help in understanding the application behind finding the previous research findings for making future study by the researcher. In this, it is understood that there are several significant factors used in the study that can align perfectly with the hypothesis testing. This means literature aspects constitute 5% or even less than 1% used for creation of no statistical issues of any types. It is necessary in evaluating the level f significance by bringing the misstated figures at the time of searching for regression specifications and publishing specifications as far as possible. It is recommended for the author in working diligently by taking into consideration the alternative proxies and other important functional f orms (Beattie 2014). This should take into consideration some of the econometric assumptions used for reporting the research attributes in an overall manner. Therefore, there are some of the significant data results that are either false or positive that needs to be compared after replacing the work (Miller and Power 2013). On analysis, some limitations are found out from the article that needs to be reduced by the researchers (Ball 2013). One of the limitations is the disappointing level of progress at the time of conducting the positive accounting research. This was done by making ways for implementing the ad hoc quantitative models after proper reduction methodologies. This was a negative effect and displayed negative sign of relationship connecting both the given variables. Addition to that, it has been found that elaborate models should be used for conducting the analytical research in well-designed form. There is one reliable way that will help in establishing better measurement of concepts used for previous studies after comparing re-invention for proper course of action (Christensen, Nikolaev and Wittenberg?Moerman 2016). This means reliable measures will help in proper auditing activities as it will give rise of high level of complexity at the time of making estimation for the given parameters from the previous studies. This article takes into consideration the testing process in case of theoretical aspects of accounting. Some of the measurement bases are mentioned in the article by explaining the resources used and other constraints for future analysis purpose (Jindrichovska and Kubickova 2015). There are various need for implementing extensive replication of activation after proper validation process at the time of hypothesis testing activities. It is essential to consider the fact where there is need for making a shift focusing on attributes for testing the hypothesis at the time of predicting the parameters used from previous studies (Jindrichovska and Kubickova 2015). This reveals understanding the level of confidence after proper intervals for making the comparison with the actual theoretical aspects from the previous studies. Addition to that, this study augments significant aspects starting from zero and then equalizing the level of confidence interval after gaining additional information. There is a proper need for data archival for making the measurement of certain vital concepts after testing the hypothesis theories (Christensen, Nikolaev and Wittenberg?Moerman 2016). Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded by saying that the paper clearly takes into consideration the ontological and epistemological assumptions used for research purpose. Addition to that, it mainly enables understanding the current practices of accounting research used for operating the research programs in the most appropriate way. This reveals that the study undertakes some suggestions as given by researchers using quantitative method for researching the course of actions. It is further essential in implementing the appropriate theoretical models that needs to be specific and vulnerable at the same time used for detailed testing purpose. On analysis, it has been noted that a better measurement bases is essential that can be used for testing the theoretical models by the researchers. There are even several concepts that are needs to be applied by using proxies as well as interesting concepts by augmenting proper reliable relationships. There should be attention required fo r making the choice regarding present functional forms after maintaining linear relationships between the unique concepts found out by the researchers. Reference List Ball, R., 2013. Accounting informs investors and earnings management is rife: Two questionable beliefs.Accounting Horizons,27(4), pp.847-853. Beattie, V., 2014. Accounting narratives and the narrative turn in accounting research: Issues, theory, methodology, methods and a research framework.The British Accounting Review,46(2), pp.111-134. Bebbington, J., Unerman, J. and O'Dwyer, B., 2014.Sustainability accounting and accountability. Routledge. Christensen, H.B., Nikolaev, V.V. and Wittenberg?Moerman, R., 2016. Accounting information in financial contracting: The incomplete contract theory perspective.Journal of Accounting Research,54(2), pp.397-435. Crawford, E.R. and Lepine, J.A., 2013. A configural theory of team processes: Accounting for the structure of taskwork and teamwork.Academy of Management Review,38(1), pp.32-48. Deegan, C., 2013.Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Dunmore, P.V., 2011. Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research. Available at SSRN 1955419. Jindrichovska, I. and Kubickova, D., 2015. Czech accounting academia and practice: historical roots and current issues.Accounting and Management Information Systems,14(2), pp.328-361. Kaplan, R.S. and Atkinson, A.A., 2015.Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning. Khan, T., Khan, T., Gray, R. and Gray, R., 2016. Accounting, identity, autopoiesis+ sustainability: A comment, development and expansion on Lawrence, Botes, Collins and Roper (2013).Meditari Accountancy Research,24(1), pp.36-55. Macve, R., 2015.A Conceptual Framework for Financial Accounting and Reporting: Vision, Tool, Or Threat?. Routledge. Messier Jr, W., 2016.Auditing assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Miller, P. and Power, M., 2013. Accounting, organizing, and economizing: Connecting accounting research and organization theory.The Academy of Management Annals,7(1), pp.557-605. Palmer, P., Pournara, M., Espinosa, D.I. and Palmer, H., 2014. Decision making and the national intelligence model: No accounting for decision bias.Australasian Policing,6(2), p.2. Waymire, G.B., 2014. Neuroscience and ultimate causation in accounting research.The Accounting Review,89(6), pp.2011-2019. Wier, B., Stone, D.N. and Hunton, J.E., 2015. Retraction: Does Graduate Business Education Contribute to Professional Accounting Success?.Accounting Horizons,29(3), pp.745-745.
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